The following objective summarizes the work for a maximum of three (3) unique, stand-alone projects. Over the life of the cooperative agreement (3 years), it is anticipated that 3 projects would be completed. Objective 1: Investigator will collaborate with ERDC researchers to develop laboratory or mesocosm and protocols and conduct experiments to determine herbicide efficacy for the operational chemical management of European frogbit. Any needed permitting should be obtained prior to collecting laboratory or mesocosm protocols. Objective 2: Collect mesocosm and field data on chemical control efficacy within managed vs non-managed European frogbit sites. These data should include but are not limited to: percent change in plant abundance following chemical management, biomass and turion production, and comparison of these data between managed vs. non-managed sites. Any needed permitting should be obtained prior to collecting mesocosm of field data. Objective 3: Develop herbicide management guidance based on most up to date frogbit management research. All data shall be incorporated in a report using peer-review publication format. Status and draft reports shall be submitted for ERDC review on a quarterly basis.