NIMHD intends to support innovative multi-disciplinary (such as behavioral, biological, environmental, social, cultural) and multi-level (e.g., patient, clinician, interpersonal, community) research designed to understand and address how optimizing patient-clinician relationships/communication affects health care outcomes for patients from populations with health disparities.The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support innovative multi-disciplinary and multi-level (e.g., patient, clinician, interpersonal, health care system, community) research designed to understand how optimizing patient-clinician communication and relationship affects health care outcomes in patients from populations with health care disparities. In addition, this initiative will support research to (1) gain an understanding of how the Patient-Clinician Relationship (PCR) in the primary care and chronic disease care settings affects clinical and non-clinical health outcomes in populations that experience health disparities, and (2) identify best practices and interventions that build and improve PCR leading to better health outcomes and increased health equity.