The ROSES-2024 funding announcement solicits basic and applied research proposals across NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). It covers various domains such as Earth Science, Heliophysics, Planetary Science, Astrophysics, and Biological and Physical Sciences. The goal is to support innovative research and technology development that aligns with NASA’s mission to advance knowledge of the Earth, the solar system, and the broader universe.

This announcement outlines strategic objectives, including advancing understanding of Earth's system, solar activity and space weather, and exploring the origins and evolution of planetary systems. The program includes both flight-based research (e.g., using satellites and suborbital platforms) and Earth-based activities such as data modeling, sample analysis, and the development of scientific software tools.

Each science division within the SMD (e.g., Earth Science or Astrophysics) is covered in separate appendices, each with its unique elements, deadlines, and guidelines. Proposals must demonstrate relevance to these objectives and adhere to evaluation criteria provided in the solicitation. Individual elements may also use the Dual Anonymous Peer Review (DAPR) process, where reviewers assess proposals without knowing the identity of the researchers.

Applicants can expect awards to vary widely in size and scope, ranging from small pilot studies to multi-year projects with significant funding. Funding mechanisms include grants, cooperative agreements, and inter-agency transfers. However, awards are subject to the availability of federal funds.

The application process typically involves two steps: initial notices or proposals to identify interest, followed by detailed submissions. Proposals must include detailed plans, budgets, and descriptions of personnel efforts. New changes for 2024 include expanded use of DAPR and a pilot Inclusion Plan initiative, emphasizing diversity, equity, and accessibility in proposed research projects.

Deadlines, program updates, and submission formats (via NSPIRES or Grants.gov) are critical, with most proposals due by specific dates listed in Tables 2 and 3. Proposals must conform to formatting requirements, and late submissions will generally not be accepted.