This Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) seeks to support multidisciplinary research teams with complementary expertise in HIV and pathobiology, pathophysiology, and/or metabolism in organs, tissues, and/or biological systems of specific interest to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). These teams will comprehensively interrogate fundamental biological mechanisms underlying HIV-associated comorbidities, co-infections, and complications relevant to the mission of the NIDDK and advance progress toward preventing or alleviating them.