The Basic Research in Cancer Health Disparities (R21 Clinical Trial Not Allowed) funding opportunity from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) supports exploratory research projects focused on understanding biological and genetic factors contributing to cancer health disparities. These grants are intended for pilot and feasibility studies that investigate mechanistic contributors, develop new methodologies and models, and perform secondary data analyses. The program aims to foster the development of a nationwide cohort of scientists with expertise in cancer health disparities, enabling them to create and expand research tools, such as biospecimens, patient-derived models, and innovative methods.

This initiative seeks novel exploratory studies distinct from traditional R01 projects, encouraging high-risk, high-reward research with the potential to lead to breakthroughs. These projects should propose innovative uses of methodologies or investigate new scientific areas that could form the basis for future in-depth studies. Applications that replicate well-established methods or focus on well-characterized fields are not suitable for the R21 mechanism. The focus is on advancing basic research that explains disparities in cancer incidence, progression, and outcomes, particularly among underserved racial/ethnic populations.

Eligible research topics include understanding the biological mechanisms of disparities in cancer prevention, progression, and treatment. These include examining genetic and epigenetic factors, the tumor microenvironment, metabolic differences, and immune responses. Researchers are encouraged to use biospecimens and datasets representing diverse populations to ensure applicability across groups. Studies focusing exclusively on age or sex disparities, or behavioral/social research without biological components, are ineligible. The NOFO does not require proposed projects to have immediate clinical applications.

Applicants may request a maximum of $275,000 in direct costs for up to two years, with no more than $200,000 allowed in any single year. Eligibility extends to higher education institutions, nonprofits, for-profit organizations, local governments, and foreign entities. Early-career and underrepresented investigators are especially encouraged to apply. Institutions must complete necessary registrations, including with eRA Commons and SAM.gov, before submission.

Applications are due on standard NIH submission dates, beginning February 16, 2025, and continuing through subsequent cycles. Submissions will be reviewed for significance, innovation, rigor, and feasibility, with particular emphasis on advancing tools and resources for cancer health disparities research. Further guidance and submission instructions are available through the NIH and NCI contacts specified in the announcement.