The **Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants (AAG)** program, offered by the National Science Foundation (NSF), supports a wide range of research activities in the astronomical sciences. These grants fund individual investigators and collaborative projects across observational, theoretical, laboratory, and archival studies in astronomy and astrophysics. Proposals may focus on enabling or enhancing research through tools, technologies, and interdisciplinary approaches. The program emphasizes flexibility and inclusivity, welcoming submissions that align with its goals of advancing astronomical knowledge.

The primary objectives of the AAG program include promoting scientific discovery, developing advanced astronomical technologies, supporting education and outreach, and encouraging diversity in science. The program funds projects that enhance understanding within various domains of astronomy, such as galactic and extragalactic studies, planetary science, and stellar astrophysics. It also considers computational and data-enabled science proposals and those advancing undergraduate research.

The program anticipates awarding approximately 100 grants annually, contingent upon the availability of funds, with an estimated total funding amount of $50 million. Awards may take the form of standard or continuing grants, supporting both new and ongoing projects. Cost sharing is not required, and indirect cost limitations do not apply.

Eligible applicants include institutions specified in NSF’s Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG). There are no restrictions on the number of proposals submitted per organization or individual investigator. Proposals must be submitted electronically via Research.gov or Grants.gov, following NSF guidelines. The submission window typically runs from October 1 to November 15 each year, with proposals evaluated against NSF's merit review criteria emphasizing intellectual merit and broader societal impacts.

Applications must include a detailed project description, budget, data management plan, and, where applicable, a postdoctoral researcher mentoring plan. Proposals leveraging NASA data must clarify the necessity of such data for achieving their goals. The program reviews proposals through ad hoc reviews and panels, ensuring fairness and adherence to NSF’s core values, including broadening participation and fostering diversity in STEM.

Applicants are notified of funding decisions typically within six months of submission. Funded projects must submit annual progress reports and a final report detailing accomplishments and societal impacts. Interested applicants should consult NSF's resources, such as the PAPPG and program-specific contacts, to ensure compliance with submission requirements and maximize their proposal's competitiveness.