The NSF CISE Directorate supports research and education projects that develop new knowledge in all aspects of computing, communications, and information science and engineering through core programs. The core programs for the participating CISE divisions include: Division of Computing and Communication Foundations (CCF): Algorithmic Foundations (AF) program Communications and Information Foundations (CIF) program Foundations of Emerging Technologies (FET) program Software and Hardware Foundations (SHF) program Division of Computer and Network Systems (CNS): Computer Systems Research (CSR) program Networking Technology and Systems (NeTS) program Division of Information and Intelligent Systems (IIS): Human-Centered Computing (HCC) program Information Integration and Informatics (III) program Robust Intelligence (RI) program This solicitation invites proposals on bold new scientific ideas tackling ambitious fundamental research problems that cross the boundaries of two or more CISE core programs listed above. These problems must be well suited to large-scale integrated collaborative efforts. Teams should consist of two or more investigators (PI, co-PI(s), or other Senior/Key Personnel) with complementary expertise. Investigators are strongly encouraged to combine their creative talents and complementary expertise to identify compelling and transformative research approaches where the impact of the results will exceed that of the sum of each of their individual contributions. Investigators are especially encouraged to seek out partnerships in a wide class of institutions that would together produce innovative approaches to the proposed research. Proposals that do not address a topic of interest to two or more core programs (listed above) are not appropriate for this solicitation. Proposals that are focused on research infrastructure are not appropriate for this solicitation. Proposers are invited to submit proposals with total budgets from $3,000,000 to $5,000,000 and durations from 3-5 years. The budget cannot exceed $1,000,000 per year.