The NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants (AAG) Program is designed to support individual and collaborative research in the field of astronomical sciences. This opportunity provides funding for observational, theoretical, laboratory, and archival data studies, as well as projects that enhance astronomical research tools. It aims to cover a broad range of topics within astronomy and astrophysics, allowing flexibility in research techniques and interdisciplinary approaches. Proposals should have a clear astronomical context to qualify for this program.

A key aspect of the AAG program is that it supports a wide variety of research activities across multiple subfields, such as Stellar Astronomy, Extragalactic Astronomy, Galactic Astronomy, and Planetary Astronomy. Researchers can apply for funding to conduct both independent and collaborative research projects, and the program encourages proposals that span multiple areas of study or disciplines. Special considerations are given to proposals that make use of NASA data or other significant datasets, provided they justify the need for such data in advancing the research goals.

In terms of funding, the NSF expects to commit approximately $50 million in FY 2023 to fund around 100 projects. Both standard and continuing grants will be issued under this program. The budget is contingent on the availability of funds, and the grant size will depend on the scope and complexity of each proposal. There are no limits on the number of proposals that an individual or institution can submit, and cost-sharing is prohibited.

Eligible applicants include academic institutions, research organizations, and other eligible entities as defined by the NSF Proposal and Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG). Proposals must be submitted electronically through Research.gov or Grants.gov, with specific guidelines outlined for each platform. Collaborative proposals involving multiple organizations must be submitted via Research.gov. The submission window for proposals is from October 1 to November 15 annually.

The evaluation process for AAG proposals follows the NSF's merit review criteria, which include both Intellectual Merit and Broader Impacts. Intellectual Merit focuses on the potential to advance knowledge within or across fields of study, while Broader Impacts emphasize the societal benefits and the promotion of STEM diversity and education. Proposals are reviewed by experts, and final funding decisions are based on merit, availability of funds, and programmatic priorities. Investigators are expected to provide clear plans for the assessment and success of their proposed activities.

Once awarded, recipients must comply with standard NSF reporting requirements, including annual project reports and final project outcomes. These reports should outline the progress and results of the research, ensuring transparency and accountability throughout the funding period. Investigators are also encouraged to consider NSF’s principles of diversity and broadening participation in their proposals to ensure equitable access to research opportunities in the astronomical sciences.

This program represents a significant opportunity for researchers in astronomy and astrophysics to secure funding for a range of scientific inquiries, from ground-based observational studies to theoretical modeling and beyond. Proposals that demonstrate innovation, collaboration, and a strong link to broader scientific or societal impacts are especially encouraged.